Heat transfer review – electric immersion heater for heavy crude oil (watt density / film coefficient)

Angebotsbeschreibung

We are a Venezuelan engineering company developing an electric immersion heater for extra-heavy crude oil (tubular sheathed elements, U-shaped hairpins, in an ASME VIII pressure vessel). The thermal design is already done. We need an experienced heat-transfer / process engineer to REVIEW it and give an independent opinion — not to design from scratch. ▎ ▎ Service: ▎ - Crude: ~8 °API (Orinoco Belt), highly viscous, with 20–50 % emulsified water ▎ - Heating 70 → 85 °C, line pressure ~4.5 barg (design 10 barg / 200 °C) ▎ - Two models: 100 bbl/d (~9.5 kW) and 600 bbl/d (~53 kW) ▎ - Incoloy 825 sheath, Ø 0.475", no baffles (natural convection dominated) ▎ ▎ Questions to answer: ▎ 1. Is a watt density of ~1.5–1.7 W/in² reasonable for this servi...

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